老年肺炎患者血清Apelin-13水平与疾病严重程度和预后的相关性研究

摘要 目的：探讨与研究老年肺炎患者血清Apelin-13水平与疾病严重程度和预后的相关性。方法：采用回顾性研究方法,2018年3月到2021年2月选择在延安大学咸阳医院住院诊治的老年肺炎患者78例作为研究对象,检测血清Apelin-13水平,使用急性生理学及慢性健康状况评分系统（APACHEⅡ）、CT严重程度指数（CTSI）、序贯性器官功能衰竭评分（SOFA）评定患者的疾病严重程度,随访患者的预后并进行相关性分析。结果：所有患者随访到2021年7月1日,平均随访时间为18.47±2.82个月,死亡18例（死亡组）,占比23.1 %。死亡组的性别、年龄、生活行为、体重指数、病程、合并疾病等与非死亡组对比无差异（P>0.05）,但血清Apelin-13表达水平具有差异,且死亡组较非死亡组低（P<0.05）。死亡组的APACHEⅡ评分、SOFA评分、CTSI评分高于非死亡组（P<0.05）。在78例患者中,Pearson分析显示血清Apelin-13水平与APACHEⅡ评分、SOFA评分、CTSI评分存在负相关性（P<0.05）。多因素logistic回归分析显示：血清Apelin-13水平（OR=3.770）、APACHEⅡ评分（OR=3.624）、SOFA评分（OR=2.422）、CTSI评分（OR=1.842）都为影响患者预后死亡的重要因素（P<0.05）。结论：老年肺炎患者血清Apelin-13水平呈现低表达状况,与患者的APACHEⅡ评分、SOFA评分、CTSI评分等疾病严重程度指标存在相关性,也是影响患者预后死亡的重要因素。     

四川省甘孜州水土保持牧草资源现状及应用分析

通过查阅文献、走访与路线踏勘,并结合植物群落样方调查等方法对甘孜州水土保持牧草种类组成与分布状况进行研究,探讨其区系特征及应用方式。结果表明,甘孜州水土保持牧草有11科28属120种,其中双子叶植物7科10属62种,单子叶植物3科17属57种,多年生植物占主导(96种)。有禾本科(Gramineae)、蓼科(Polygonaceae)、菊科(Compositae)、豆科(Leguminosae)4个优势科,蓼属(Polygonum)、蒿属(Artemisia)、羊茅属(Festuca)3个优势属。植物区系上,以温带与泛热带区系分布为主(占总属数的71.43%),且温带成分所占比例最大(46.43%),其次为泛热带成分(25.00%)。空间分布不均,种类在垂直方向以2000～3500 m最丰富,水平方向以东西部高山峡谷区最多。     

常压室温等离子体诱变选育花脸香蘑新菌株

花脸香蘑作为一种营养丰富、菇型美观的珍稀食用菌,具有良好的开发利用价值。利用常压室温等离子体（ARTP）技术对野生花脸香蘑菌株610双核菌丝片段进行了诱变处理。利用拮抗试验进行了诱变菌株初筛。通过连续传代培养,自然淘汰劣势菌株并获得诱变效应稳定的48个菌株。综合平板培养和基于ISSR和SSR联合遗传多样性分析的结果,筛选出7个诱变菌株与出发菌株共同进行出菇比较试验。出菇试验及子实体蛋白和氨基酸营养分析的结果显示：诱变菌株Ls2和Ls3为筛选出的花脸香蘑优质高产新菌株。诱变菌株较出发菌株生物学效率分别提高10.27%和14.75%,总氨基酸含量、必需氨基酸含量以及氨基酸评分等指标也均显著高于出发菌株,品质提升效果极显著。     

玉米灵芝菌粮营养成分及加工特性变化研究

玉米作为主要的杂粮谷物,营养价值高,维生素、膳食纤维等含量丰富,可以预防多种亚健康疾病,受到市场追捧。但是玉米粉营养结构不均衡、加工性差,限制其应用。有研究表明,微生物发酵技术可以改善谷物的营养成分、大分子物质结构和加工特性。基于此,利用灵芝固态发酵玉米,得到玉米灵芝菌粮（简称菌粮）,从营养成分、大分子物质结构和加工特性3个方面对其进行评价。结果显示,与未发酵玉米相比,菌粮中碳水化合物、蛋白质含量分别提高了748%、28.00%,且蛋白质的氨基酸评分提高,而脂肪含量降低了52.56%;维生素C、核黄素和烟酸含量均显著提高（P<0.05）,分别提高了56.19%、73.91%和20.27%,且玉米中缺乏的硫胺素在菌粮中被检测到;菌粮中各类淀粉和纤维的含量也发生了显著变化（P<0.05）,淀粉、支链淀粉含量分别降低了11.17%、34.70%,直链淀粉含量提高了26.66%,粗纤维、不溶性膳食纤维含量分别降低了21.07%、21.47%,可溶性膳食纤维含量提高了13.57%;菌粮粉粘度降低,水溶性指数提高,吸水性指数和溶胀力降低;此外,与灵芝子实体相比,菌粮中灵芝三萜和灵芝酸含量均显著提高（P<0.05）,分别为灵芝子实体的1.68和2.07倍。灵芝固态发酵玉米得到的玉米灵芝菌粮,营养结构更加均衡,功能活性提高,具有更高的营养价值;大分子物质结构发生改变,加工特性得到改善,冲调特性更好。研究结果为食用菌发酵改良谷物特性的研究提供了参考和指导。     

双斑蟋营养成分分析及评价

由于具有较好的营养价值以及较高的食物转化效率,食用昆虫特别是蟋蟀受到普遍关注。在双斑蟋（Gryllus bimaculatus,GB）营养成分测定的基础上,对比家蟋（Acheta domesticus,AD）和黑蟋（Gryllus testaceus,GT）的营养及含量,分析评价了双斑蟋的使用价值。结果显示：双斑蟋水分含量71.0%、粗蛋白含量58.60%（干重）、粗脂肪含量28.90%（干重）、粗纤维含量7.23%（干重）、灰分4.93%（干重）;蛋白含量与黑蟋相当而高于家蟋,粗脂肪和灰分含量要高于家蟋和黑蟋;双斑蟋含有17种氨基酸,总氨基酸含量51.03%（干重）,必需氨基酸含量24.76%（干重）、占总氨基酸的48.3%,氨基酸含量低于其他两种蟋蟀;双斑蟋中常量元素含量最高的为钾（6 416 mg/kg,干重）、含量最低的是钙（92 mg/kg,干重）,微量元素中锌含量较高（241 mg/kg,干重）;双斑蟋油脂中不饱和脂肪酸的相对含量为65.33%,以亚油酸（37.05%）和油酸（25.86%）为主、饱和脂肪酸以棕榈酸（25.44%）和硬脂酸（8.74%）为主。双斑蟋的脂肪酸组成、含量与家蟋相近,而与黑蟋的脂肪酸组成差别较大,三种蟋蟀中含量最高的饱和脂肪酸为棕榈酸,而含量最高的不饱和酸为亚油酸。结果表明,双斑蟋的必需氨基酸组成符合FAO/WHO推荐的氨基酸构成比例的蛋白条件,具有较高的营养价值和食用价值。     

Undergraduate Music Program Alumni's Career Path,Retrospective Institutional Satisfaction,and Financial Status

The purpose of this study was to examine undergraduate music education and performance alumni's career path, retrospective institutional satisfaction, and financial status. Data for this study were drawn from respondents from the 2010 administration of the nationwide, multi-institutional survey conducted by the Strategic National Arts Alumni Project (SNAAP). Regarding career path, nearly half of the music performance degree graduates reported performing as their current job, and slightly more than half of the music education degree graduates reported working in K–12 schools. Participants were generally satisfied with their institutional experiences, although relatively low levels of satisfaction were reported for networking and career advising services. The respondents reported being most satisfied with aspects of their current jobs that reflected the intrinsic benefits of contributing to a greater good, satisfying personal interests and values, and opportunities to be creative. The majority of the sample reported accruing student loan debt ranging between $10,000 and $30,000; however, no significant differences were found between groups, and 40 percent of the participants reported having accrued no debt at all. The reported annual income of the participants varied significantly, with music educators reporting higher earnings than performers.     

Redox biology of the intestine

Abstract

The intestinal tract, known for its capability for self-renew, represents the first barrier of defence between the organism and its luminal environment. The thiol/disulfide redox systems comprising the glutathione/glutathione disulfide (GSH/GSSG), cysteine/cystine (Cys/CySS) and reduced and oxidized thioredoxin (Trx/TrxSS) redox couples play important roles in preserving tissue redox homeostasis, metabolic functions, and cellular integrity. Control of the thiol-disulfide status at the luminal surface is essential for maintaining mucus fluidity and absorption of nutrients, and protection against chemical-induced oxidant injury. Within intestinal cells, these redox couples preserve an environment that supports physiological processes and orchestrates networks of enzymatic reactions against oxidative stress. In this review, we focus on the intestinal redox and antioxidant systems, their subcellular compartmentation, redox signalling and epithelial turnover, and contribution of luminal microbiota, key aspects that are relevant to understanding redox-dependent processes in gut biology with implications for degenerative digestive disorders, such as inflammation and cancer.     

La Stazione Bio-Fenologica al Cavallino (Venezia)

Abstract

From March 1988 to April 1989 a survey was carried out on the phytoplankton of Lake Bidighinzu, a hypertrophic reservoir in Northern Sardinia. The purpose of this work was to assess the general limnological conditions of the reservoir after a diversion of the urban and industrial wastes. The dynamics of chlorophyll a, and the structure and composition of the phytoplankton density and of its biomass in the study period were determined. Moreover the found trends for trasparency, temperature, conductivity, alkalinity, pH, dissolved oxygen, reactive and total phosphorus, nitrate, nitrite, ammonium nitrogen, and reactive silica are reported. The effect of water aeration on the dynamics of the other parameters is discussed.     

Silencing of cytosolic NADP+-dependent isocitrate dehydrogenase by small interfering RNA enhances the sensitivity of HeLa cells toward staurosporine

Staurosporine induces the production of reactive oxygen species, which play an important causative role in apoptotic cell death. Recently, it was demonstrated that the control of cellular redox balance and the defense against oxidative damage is one of the primary functions of cytosolic NADP⁺-dependent isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDPc) by supplying NADPH for antioxidant systems. The present report shows that silencing of IDPc expression in HeLa cells greatly enhances apoptosis induced by staurosporine. Transfection of HeLa cells with an IDPc small interfering RNA (siRNA) markedly decreased activity of IDPc, enhancing the susceptibility of staurosporine-induced apoptosis reflected by DNA fragmentation, cellular redox status and the modulation of apoptotic marker proteins. These results indicate that IDPc may play an important role in regulating the apoptosis induced by staurosporine and the sensitizing effect of IDPc siRNA on the apoptotic cell death of HeLa cells offers the possibility of developing a modifier of cancer chemotherapy.     

Special issue on “AGEs and ALEs: chemistry,physiopathology and molecular strategies for their inhibition”

Methamphetamine (METH)-induced neurotoxicity is associated with mitochondrial dysfunction and enhanced oxidative stress. The aims of the present study conducted in the mouse brain repetitively treated with METH were to (1) examine the redox status using the redox-sensitive imaging probe 3-methoxycarbonyl-2,2,5,5-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl (MCP) and (2) non-invasively visualize the brain redox status with electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) imaging. The rate of reduction of MCP was measured from a series of temporal EPR images of mouse heads, and this rate was used to construct a two-dimensional map of rate constants called a “redox map.” The obtained redox map clearly illustrated the change in redox balance in the METH-treated mouse brain that is a known result of oxidative damage. Biochemical assays also showed that the level of thiobarbituric acid-reactive substance, an index of lipid peroxidation, was increased in mouse brains by METH. The enhanced reduction in MCP observed in mouse brains was remarkably suppressed by treatment with the dopamine synthase inhibitor, α-methyl-p-tyrosine, suggesting that enhancement of the reduction reaction of MCP resulted from enzymatic reduction in the mitochondrial respiratory chain. Furthermore, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of METH-treated mice using a blood–brain barrier (BBB)-impermeable paramagnetic contrast agent revealed BBB dysfunction after treatment with METH for 7 days. MRI also indicated that the impaired BBB recovered after withdrawal of METH. EPR imaging and MRI are useful tools not only for following changes in the redox status and BBB dysfunction in mouse brains repeatedly administered METH, but also for tracing the drug effect after withdrawal of METH.